If the sodium level and osmolality rise, neurons in the thirst center of the hypothalamus are stimulated. This hormone increases the absorption of water in the collecting ducts of the kidneys so that water is conserved while sodium and other electrolytes are excreted in the urine. If the sodium level and osmolality fall, osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus are stimulated and cause the release of antidiuretic hormone from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The serum sodium concentration is normally about 140 mEq/L. (See Appendix 6.) Sodium is the major cation of the extracellular fluid, constituting 90 to 95 per cent of all cations in the blood plasma and interstitial fluid it thus determines the osmolality of the extracellular fluid. Insulin reaction = Glucose (Dextrose 50%)ĪLKALI, VOLATILE = Drink freely of water with vinegar or lemon juice in it.ĪNTIMONIAL WINE = Give warm water freely to encourage vomiting.ĪQUA FORTIS = Magnesia or soap dissolved in water, every two minutes.īED BUG POISON = Give milk or white of eggs in large quantities.Īcetaminophen/Paracetamol = N-Acetylcysteine or MucomystĪnticholinergics, diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate =PhysostigmineĬalcium Channel Blockers = Calcium Chloride, GlucagonĬyanide = Amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, sodium thiosulfateįor Chemicals causing methemoglobinemia in patients with G6PD deficiency = Vitamin CĪMMONIA = Lemon juice, diluted vinegar or acetic acid.A chemical element, atomic number 11, atomic weight 22.990, symbol Na. GAS=Use artificial respiration,Remove patient to air, apply heat to extremities send for doctor.ĪBSINTHE = Give an active emetic then flaxseed tea freely stimulate Non-specific poisons except cyanide, iron, lithium, caustics and alcohol = Activated charcoal Versenate is used in Arsenic,mercury and lead These are substances which form chelates(non ionized complexes) with cations.These are mostly used in heavy metal poisoningīAL(dimercepol) is used in heavy metal poisons READ MORE : TOXICITY OF SULPHONAMIDE IN ANIMALSĮmulcents(fats,oils,milk,eggalbumin) are used for corrosive and irritant poisoning,īulky food used for glass poisoning And mineral poisoning(dose 30-60 gms for children and 60-100gms for adults) These substances prevents the absorption of poison by their presenceĪctivated charcoal is used for strychinine. Naloxone for morphine,Atropine and oxime for organophosphorous poison,N-acetylcysteine for acetaminophen These produce effects opposite to that of poison Knowledge About Antidotes Is Very Important For All Medical Professionals Especially Those Who Are Working In Health Care Settings.Here Are Some Of The Types And List Of Very Important And Frequently Used Antidotes ġ:Universal Antidotes :This type of antidote is Given when unknown poison is ingestedĢ:Chemical Antidotes :These substances neutrilize the chemical action or oxidize the poison into nontoxic or insolouble formĭilute alkali(milk of magnesia)Dilute acetic acid,Potassium permanganteTannin(strong tea).ģ:Physiological or pharmacological Antidotes There Are A lot Of Antidotes In The Medical & Veterinary Field Today But Some Antidotes Are Very Important And Need To Be Remembered Because Of Their Frequent Use In The Emergency Situations. The Poison In Any Form may be taken in by the breath Or swallowed, Absorbed Through the thinner and more delicate mucous membranes, Or absorbed through the skin, or implanted by stings, bites, or other wounds.
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